Typical SDLC phases include: Requirement Analysis, System Design, Implementation (Coding), Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance. Each phase ensures quality and structure in software development.
SDLC defines the overall software development process, while STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle) focuses only on the testing phase — including test planning, case design, execution, and reporting.
Agile is an iterative development approach where software is built in small, usable increments called sprints, enabling flexibility and customer feedback at each stage.
Key principles include: customer collaboration, welcoming change, frequent delivery, self-organizing teams, and continuous improvement through reflection and adaptation.
Agile is iterative, adaptive, and emphasizes collaboration. Waterfall is linear, rigid, and sequential, where testing happens only after development completion.
DevOps integrates Development and Operations teams to automate workflows, improve collaboration, and speed up software delivery through CI/CD practices.
Continuous Integration (CI) automatically builds and tests code after each commit.
Continuous Deployment (CD) automatically delivers tested code to production, ensuring rapid
and reliable releases.
Main types: Unit Testing (individual modules), Integration Testing (combined modules), System Testing (entire system), and User Acceptance Testing (real-world validation).
Manual testing involves human execution of test cases. Automated testing uses scripts/tools (like Selenium) for faster, repeatable tests.
Continuous Delivery automates code build, test, and staging, but final deployment requires
manual approval.
Continuous Deployment extends automation to production without manual
intervention.
Three models:
IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service (e.g., AWS EC2)
PaaS – Platform as a Service (e.g., Google App Engine)
SaaS – Software as a Service (e.g., Gmail, Salesforce)
Cloud computing provides scalability, flexibility, high availability, and cost efficiency. It simplifies deployment through automation, load balancing, and on-demand resources.